Alluvial kornerupine testing: optical absorption lines and extreme trichroism in Kolonne?
What refractive index parameters (1.667-1.680) verify faceted green kornerupine from chrome diopside and enstatite on gem testing refractometers?
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5 Answers from travellers
Kornerupine is an uncommon magnesium-aluminum borosilicate found in metamorphic gravels around Kolonne and Embilipitiya. Faceted stones frequently resemble chrome tourmaline or enstatite. Gemmologists verify kornerupine by measuring its diagnostic optical constants: it is biaxial negative with a refractive index of alpha = 1.667 and gamma = 1.680, yielding a birefringence of 0.013. Under a calcite dichroscope, it displays vivid, undeniable trichroism: emerald green, reddish-brown, and pale yellowish-brown. Chrome diopside is biaxial positive with a higher RI (1.675-1.701), while enstatite displays lower birefringence (0.009) and a 505nm absorption band.
Rare chatoyant kornerupine cabochons feature sharp silvery cat's-eyes generated by parallel needle-like inclusions of rutile or fluid channels.
Stones with high vanadium or chromium content show deep forest-green body color and command the highest per-carat prices among international mineral collectors.
Kornerupine has a hardness of 6.5 to 7.0; lapidarists use fine 1200-grit diamond laps with water coolant to prevent directional cleavage fractures.
Always check for iron absorption lines in the desk spectroscope; kornerupine exhibits a distinct broad band centered in the blue-green spectrum at 446nm.
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