Horton Plains montane agamid lizard (Cophotis ceylonica): ovoviviparous reproduction in cloud forests?
What cold-temperature physiological adaptations and live-bearing (ovoviviparous) reproduction allow the endemic Pygmy Lizard to survive sub-zero Horton Plains nights?
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3 Answers from travellers
The Horton Plains Pygmy Lizard (Cophotis ceylonica / Dumbara Pygmy Lizard) is a rare endemic agamid restricted to high-elevation cloud forests above 1,800 meters. Unlike lowland lizards that lay eggs in warm soil, Cophotis ceylonica is strictly ovoviviparous (giving birth to fully formed live young). Because sub-zero ground frosts on Horton Plains prevent successful egg incubation in soil, females retain fertilized eggs inside their body cavities, absorbing warmth during brief daytime sunshine. Juveniles are born directly onto moss-covered tree trunks, bypassing vulnerable ground egg stages.
They possess dark, cryptic melanistic coloration that accelerates solar heat absorption on chilly, misty cloud forest mornings.
Habitat loss and climate warming threaten these cold-adapted montane endemics, which cannot migrate upward beyond highland plateaus.
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