Ratnapura alluvial zircon (Jargon): distinguishing high zircon from low metamict stones?
How do gemmologists measure birefringence doubling and specific gravity to separate crystalline high zircon from radioactive metamict low zircon in gem parcels?
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5 Answers from travellers
Sri Lankan zircon (ZrSiO4 / Jargon) occurs in three distinct structural states depending on historical self-irradiation from trace uranium and thorium impurities. "High" zircon has an intact tetragonal crystal lattice, showing extreme birefringence (0.059), refractive index over 1.92, high density (~4.70), and sharp doubling of rear facet edges under a loupe. Over millions of years, alpha-particle radiation breaks the crystal lattice down into an amorphous glass-like "low" or metamict state. Low zircon displays lower density (~3.95-4.10), minimal birefringence, and a dull, cloudy olive-green body color.
Metamict low zircons can be heat-treated to 1000°C in electric furnaces to re-crystallize the damaged lattice, restoring high density and birefringence.
Under a desk spectroscope, high zircon exhibits an unmistakable array of over thirty sharp absorption lines across the visible spectrum (the Uranium spectrum).
Colorless Ceylon zircons (Matara Diamonds) were historically used as diamond substitutes due to their high adamantine dispersion (fire).
Zircons are brittle; faceted stones frequently display chipped and abraded facet junctions (paper wear) if shipped loose in parcel papers.
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