Royal Botanical Gardens Peradeniya double coconut (Lodoicea maldivica): pollination and seed viability?
How do curators at Peradeniya manage the 30-year maturation cycle and hand pollination of the endangered Coco de Mer palm avenue?
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4 Answers from travellers
The Lodoicea maldivica specimens at Peradeniya—planted in 1850—are dioecious, possessing distinct male and female plants. Because the solitary female tree does not always flower simultaneously with the male catkins, botanists harvest pollen spikes from the staminate palm, desiccate pollen grains under silica gel, and store them at -20°C. When the pistillate flowers secrete receptive stigmatic fluid, curators scale cherry-picker lifts at 9:00 AM to hand-pollinate. The resulting bilobed nut takes seven full years to mature, weighing up to 20 kilograms, representing the largest wild botanical seed on Earth.
Collecting fallen seed husks or kernels from the ground is strictly prosecuted under national botanical heritage statutes; specimens are microchipped for provenance.
The palms grow extremely slowly, producing only one new frond annually; soil beneath the grove is amended exclusively with leaf mold to avoid damaging sensitive mycorrhizal root networks.
High mid-morning humidity along the Mahaweli River loop provides the steady microclimate necessary for pollen tube elongation down into the ovarian cavity.
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