Star sapphire asterism orientation: cutting cabochon domes along the optic c-axis?
What precise crystal orientation and dome curvature ratios ensure that the six-ray star in natural Ceylon star corundum converges sharp and centered under pinpoint light?
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5 Answers from travellers
Asterism in Ceylon star corundum (sapphire and ruby) is caused by dense networks of microscopic rutile (TiO2) needle inclusions oriented along the three crystallographic a-axes in the basal pinacoid plane, intersecting at 60-degree angles. To produce a perfectly centered six-ray star, the lapidary must orient the rough stone so that the optic c-axis is strictly perpendicular to the flat base of the cabochon. When shaped into a symmetrical oval or round cabochon with an ideal dome height-to-width ratio (roughly 1:2), the curved convex surface acts as a lens. Reflected light off the three sets of rutile silk focuses into three sharp intersecting lines that converge directly at the dome apex.
If the optic c-axis is tilted by even 10 degrees, the star center shifts off to the side of the cabochon, significantly reducing commercial market value.
Examine the star under a single direct pinpoint light source (such as penlight or sun); diffused fluorescent lights blur the rays into broad, messy sheens.
The flat base of the cabochon is intentionally left unpolished; a frosted base prevents internal light scattering that degrades star contrast.
Synthetic flame-fusion star sapphires exhibit unnaturally perfect, sharp white stars with curved growth lines, lacking natural irregular silk zoning.
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