Traditional Areca nut cutter (Giraya) metallurgy: steel blade inserts and brass filigree handles?
How do master blacksmiths in Kandy forge high-carbon steel cutting edges into ornate brass and silver dragon-headed betel nut shears (Giraya)?
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4 Answers from travellers
The traditional Sri Lankan betel nut cutter (Giraya) is a composite metallurgical tool designed to slice hard dried areca nuts (Areca catechu). Because decorative brass is too soft to maintain a sharp edge against rock-hard nuts, smiths forge-weld a tempered high-carbon steel shear blade into the upper brass jaw. The handles are sculpted through lost-wax bronze casting into zoomorphic shapes: stylized Serapendiya mythical beasts, dragons (Makara), or standing maidens. The brass surfaces are chiseled with silver filigree wire inlay (Damascening), riveted together with a brass pivot pin.
The steel cutting blade must be water-quenched at cherry-red heat (800°C) and tempered to straw-yellow to prevent the fine edge from chipping.
High-end ceremonial cutters feature handles encrusted with small cabochon almandine garnets or rubies set in cold brass bezels.
The Giraya forms an essential component of the traditional brass betel tray (Bulath Thattuwa) presented to guests in formal household hospitality.
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